Naming
Primary Author
Nina Evason,Naming Conventions
- British English naming conventions arrange names as follows: [first given name] [middle given name(s)] [FAMILY NAME]. For example, Jack Samuel ADAMS (male) or Emily Claire TAYLOR (female).
- One’s ‘first name’, known as a ‘personal name’ or ‘given name’, is chosen at birth as the individual’s personal identifier. It always comes before the family name.
- The ‘family name’, known as a ‘surname’ or ‘last name’, is inherited from one’s parents and shared with other members of the individual’s immediate family.
- British names are traditionally patrilineal, whereby children are given their father’s family name. However, this is not an enforced custom.
- Some parents may choose to give their children a hyphenated surname that contains the family name of both the mother and father (e.g. Jack Samuel ADAMS-BROWN).
- It is traditional for women to adopt their husband’s family name at marriage. However, this practice is declining and less of a cultural requirement.
- Many British also have a ‘middle name’, which is a secondary given name written between the person's first name and their family name. For example, Emily Claire TAYLOR’s middle name is ‘Claire’.
- Middle names are optional and are rarely used in daily life. However, most British have one or multiple.
Names
- Most British parents choose their children’s personal names based on aesthetic appeal.
- Many traditional or common first names are based on Biblical names such as ‘Zacharias’, or names for religious principles such as ‘Grace’.
- In more recent times, many British will often choose names for their children that sound nice or are influenced by popular culture.
- It has also become more common for younger parents to use shortened versions of traditional male names (e.g.‘Freddie’instead of‘Frederich’,‘Archie’instead of‘Archibald’).
- Many of the most common British names are also traditionally ‘royal’ names used by the British monarchy, e.g. Henry, Edward, Charlotte, Anne.
- As of 2019, the most popular first names in England and Wales were Olivia, Amelia, Isla, Ava Mia(female) and Oliver, George, Noah, Arthur, Harry (male).1
- It is common for a child’s middle name to reflect the personal name of a close family member (such as a grandparent).
- The most common British family names often have an old English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish origin, e.g. SMITH, JONES, WILLIAMS, TAYLOR, DAVIES.2
- Many traditional British surnames reflect old occupational names, e.g. SMITH (blacksmith), TAYLOR (tailor), BAKER.3
Addressing Others
- The British generally address one another verbally by the first name alone.
- In formal situations, people may use a person’s title (e.g. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Doctor, etc.) followed by their family name.
- Middle names are almost never used to address a person, unless quoted on formal/legal documentation.
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1 Office For National Statistics, 20202 Embury-Dennis, 20163 Embury-Dennis, 2016
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